Compare and Contrast the Classical and Positivist School

Compargon and contrast the ideas of Classical criminologist (e. g. Beccaria and Bentham) with those of the ahead of time prescribed (e. g. Lombroso, Ferri Garofolo). IntroductionDuring the mid to late 17th century explanations of iniquity and punishment were embraced by more philosophers Thomas Hobbs (1588-1679), John Locke (1632-1704), and Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778) and such(prenominal) idealogue as Beccaria (1738), an Italian who was passing recognised by his great succeeder through his evidence Dei delitti e delle pene (On Crimes and Punishment) publicize in translations of 22 languages, effectively release huge impressions on the legal thoughts on members of the European and US party (Hopkins polish off 2009), developing the supposition of Classical criminology and Lombroso (1835) an Italian psychiatrist and a physician who brought onward the theory of the Positivists criminology. This essay forget present the two severalise theories within criminology, th ese are the Classical and the Positivist theory of criminology, presenting a brief intro to each coach of thought with the theories and their theorist, comparisons will drawn presenting contrasts to each theorys dogma, with their methodological, scientific and philosophical approaches to crime, with the same figure to reduce and control crime. Hale,C. ,et al (2005 p. 62).The school of thought Classical criminology certain during the times of enlightenment through the ideas of a theorist named Cesare Beccaria (1738-94), who studied crimes, illegal behaviour and punishments, with beliefs that those who take out crime hold responsibility for themselves and are uninfluenced by external f tourors building the foundations for other successful proponents and advocates such as Cesare Lombroso (1836-1909), an Italian psychiatrist aspirant who presented abstractive explanations to crime and criminality though scientific methodology adapting the contrasting theory of the irrefutable Contrastingly, the positive school believed that the decisions people catch up with when committing a crime are primarily exciseed by means out of their control. These means that affect an soulfulnesss condition to make rational decisions bath be based on physical, that is for exemplification their race, mixer, such as weak social bonds at school or the amily, biological, that is having inherited abnormalities and psychological factors such as intellectual health disorders (Pond p. 23).. Through Beccarias observational studies witnessed many discrepancies within the government and public affairs, and ostracized the heinousness and inequality shown to individuals within golf-club, where the punishment of crimes were judged on the social status of an individual (Hopkins hit 2001). Beccaria believed the Criminal as Calculator foreground the importance that every criminal is an individual and is aware of what is good from bad, what is right from wrong, rationality definit ions of criminal behaviour in bon ton olibanumly each individual is effective n the calculations that he or she makes, presenting the ruling of Free will Choice and the Hendonistic Calculas principle where the distinct actions of an individual are mensurable through a pleasure and injure scale, with this Beccaria made further contributions towards Benthams theory of Ulitiarianism (which is based on the assumption that the net aim of all human occupation is happiness), disputing that creating new legislations indicating that a clear equity should devise out which is easily decode by its societal members to understand and set by legislators, Beccaria views that the prevention of crime is cave in than the punishment, however, punishment must be dealt with swiftly not limiting or olympian what is necessary for the prevention and deterrence of crime, therefore resulting in the greater happiness of the volume (McLaughlin and Muncie, 2006), however there should be cold-eyed jud ges fixing strict punishments in proportion to the well(p)ness of the crime, for example, petty crimes and theft should be dealt with refractory fines and penalties and more serious crimes administered with corporal punishment and labour (Hopkins Burke, 2009).With this Beccaria developed further studies within the Social annunciation theory, the voluntary agreement of the members of an organised society and its government securing mutual protection and benefit regulating the relation among its members, explaining that the previous methods of agony through capital punishment was unnecessary, he deemed these barbaric and inhumane, through this Beccaria began developing ideas that the crime itself should be dealt with efficiently not the criminal, thus the individual should be penalised for the crime committed. separately and every individual member of society whether an abiding member or criminal has equal rights and this always remains.Beccarias Graeco-Roman school of though t brought about scholars Bentham (1748) an face juror and philosopher who defensively argued that punishment should be a deterrent for criminals, that penalties be fixed to inflict the sum of pain in surfeit of the pleasure that had derived from the criminal act (Hale, Hayward Wahidin and Wincup, 2005) and Howard (1726) who was influential upon Prison reform (1779), til now crime and criminal behaviour continuing to present itself still necessitated explanations as to why crime was still on the bring up Lombroso provided foundations for many other proponents such Ferri (1856), a biologist who wrote a new penal code for Mussolini which was instantly revoked due to his positivist approach and Garofolo (1852). Conclusion References Hopkins Burke, R. (2009) An Introduction to criminological Theory, (3rd ed. ) Cullompton, Devon Willan Publishing Hale, C,. Hayward, K,. Wahidin, A and Wincup, E. (2005) Criminology, Great Britain Oxford University extinguish